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Objective To investigate the differences between subjective and objective sleep quality in recurrent depressive patients and the correlative factors. Methods Thirty-two cases of recurrent depressive patients(the recurrent group) and 32 cases of first episode depressive patients(the control group)who met the inclusion were recruited in this study. The subjectivesleep quality ,mood and objective sleep quality of patients were estimated by Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),Hamilton anxiety Scale(HAMA),Hamilton depression Scale(HAMD),respectively. O ne whole-night polysomnography (PSG) was recorded. Results On subjec-tivesleep quality,the total sleep time was shorter,the sleep latency was longer,and the sleep efficiency was lower in the recurrent group compared with the control group. On objectivesleep quality ,the wake times were increased , the NREM1 phase was longer,the NREM2 phase was shorter,the RME phase was longer,the proportion of REM phase was increased,and the latency of REM phase was shorter in the recurrent group compared with the control group(P<0.05,respectively). There were significant differences between the subjective and objective sleep quali-ty in both groups,while the differences in the recurrent group were more significant(P < 0.01). In the recurrent group,thedifference of the total time between the subjective and objective sleep was positively correlated with PSQI score,the duration of disease and the number of attacks(P < 0.05),while,the differences of the sleep latency and sleep efficiency between the subjective and objective sleep were both positively correlated withPSQI score and the HAMA-14 score,respectively(P<0.05). Conclusion There was a significant difference between the subjec-tive and objective sleep quality of patients with recurrent depression ,and the differences were related to the course of disease,the number of attack,PSQI score and HAMA-14 score.
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Objective To explore the attentional bias to emotional faces on individuals in the remitted phase of recurrent depression through eye-tracking study.Methods Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D) and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were used to the diagnosis of 24 normal individuals and 21 depressed individuals and 24 individuals in the remitted phase of recurrent depression.Emotion face pictures were chosen as experiment material and discuss the mechanism of the attentional bias of individuals in the remitted phase of recurrent depression through the analysis of eye movement index.Results First fixation duration bias score on happy expression picture of individuals in the remitted phase of recurrent depression((52.60±0.06) ％) was less than normal controls ((59.26±0.09) ％) and the depression group((53.27±0.07)％),(F(1.66)=12.32,7.23,P＜0.05).Gaze Duration Bias score on sad expression picture of individuals in the remitted phase of recurrent depression ((59.17±0.08) ％) was more than normal controls((49.67±0.07) ％),(F(1.66) =4.29,P＜0.05).Conclusion Individuals in the remitted phase of recurrent depression show no original direction bias to sad and happy expression pictures.Original attentional avoidance and total attentional maintenance to sad expression picture exist in individuals in the remitted phase of recurrent depression.
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Object To explore the difference of overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM) between first-episode and recurrent depressive patients,and whether the overgeneral autobiographical memory can affect the symptoms of depression or not.Methods 34 first-episode depression patients and 31 recurrent depression patients were enrolled.All patients were measured by autobiographical memory test (AMT),Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD-17) and Beck depression rating scale(BDI).Results ①The OGM score was higher in recurrent depressive group than that in first-episode group (respectively,(3.90 ± 1.65),(3.10± 1.57),t =2.035,P＜0.05).②The positive OGM score was higher in recurrent depressive group than that in first-episode group(respectively,(2.40± 1.36),(1.70± 1.08),t =2.308,P＜ 0.05).③The correlation coefficient (r value) between the total score of OGM and total score of BDI,total score of HAMD,two subfactors (cognitive disorder and slow)scores of HAMD in recurrent depressive group were 0.497,0.552,0.631,and 0.553 respectively,which significantly correlated.Conclusion Compared with first-episode depressive patients,the OGM in recurrent depressive patients is more severe.The OGM can increase the symptoms of depression,the cognitive disorder and slow.
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OBJECTIVE: Both clinical and biological factors influence the course of depressive disorders. This study tested for associations between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene at the Val66Met locus and the course of major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: Three hundred ten Korean subjects (209 patients, 101 controls) were genotyped for rs6265 at nucleotide 196 (G/A), which produces an amino acid substitution at codon 66 (Val66Met) of the gene for BDNF. Course of illness was evaluated both by chronicity of current episode (episode duration >24 months) and by the lifetime history of recurrences. RESULTS: Patients with the Met/Met BDNF genotype had a significantly higher rate of chronic depression than all others. There was a significant dose effect of the Met allele on chronicity. Compared with the Val/Val genotype, the relative risk of chronicity was 1.67 for the Val/Met genotype, and 2.58 for the Met/Met genotype. Lifetime history of recurrent episodes was not related to BDNF genotypes but was significantly associated with younger age of onset and with a history of depression in first degree relatives. CONCLUSION: BDNF genotyping may be informative for anticipating chronicity in major depression.
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Humans , Age of Onset , Alleles , Amino Acid Substitution , Biological Factors , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor , Codon , Depression , Depressive Disorder , Depressive Disorder, Major , GenotypeABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the personality traits of Han Chinese women with recurrent depression.MethodsAssessed by the Big Five Inventory (BFI),a comparison research was conducted between 118 Han Chinese women with recurrent depression and 65 sex,race and culture background matched health controls.Results Han Chinese women with recurrent depression scored lower in extraversion,conscientiousness and openness ( 17.93± 5.43,30.24 ± 5.94,30.03 ± 7.33 ) than matched controls ( 20.72 ± 3.79,31.94 ± 3.84,32.75 ± 5.32 ),while scored higher in neuroticism (21.38 ± 3.91) than the later one ( 27.57 ± 6.19 ).A binary logistic regression model,with group (case vs.control) as dependent variable and extroversion,conscientiousness,openness and neuroticism as independent variables,was built to assess each personality dimension's independent impact on recurrent depression.It came out to be that only extraversion ( OR =0.881,95％ CI =0.083-0.966,P=0.007) and neuroticism ( OR =1.225,95％ CI =1.134-1.323,P ＜ 0.01 ) were statistically significantly associated with recurrent depression ( P＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionIn the big five personality model,extraversion and neuroticism might act as independent personality traits to impact Han Chinese women with recurrent depression in a positive and negative way respectively.